Justice for some, not for all: Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Indigenous rights in the United States

October 1, 2020
Issue 
Ruth Bader Ginsburg mural in Washinton DC. Image: Elvert Barnes CC by-SA 2.0

鈥淭he feed is wild right now and the record 鈥 on police violence, criminal justice, racism, and Indigenous sovereignty 鈥 does not justify the adoration. At all,鈥 Onyesonwu Chatoyer, organiser for the .

Upon hearing about the death of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Chatoyer expressed the scepticism that many felt about the concomitant outpouring of praise for a 鈥渘otorious鈥 rebel who in her later career did not live up to her moniker.

Four years ago David Kinder an 鈥渆xplosion of pop culture affection鈥 for 鈥淣otorious RGB鈥, the name a takeoff on 鈥淣otorious BIG鈥, a world-famous rapper. 鈥淭his incessant lionising can border on the embarrassing鈥, Kinder concluded then, 鈥渆ven in its most lighthearted and transparent form鈥.

Now she is gone, and her iconisation has reached fever pitch. This phenomenon can also open a window into the ways that the desire to turn reality into myth obscures the way that justice really works.

Origin myths are a part of any nation. In America, the righteousness of the founding fathers, the inevitability of manifest destiny, the notion of American exceptionalism 鈥 all fall under the category of creation stories. All are designed to promote patriotism by providing a comfort level to the white majority who do not want to see how their actions have excluded at best, harmed at worst, anyone outside of the mainstream.

RBG was a product of second-wave feminism. As such, her concerns were reproductive rights, equal employment, and other worthy goals, but she seldom included the needs of Indigenous women (in this country or in Palestine) or women of colour in her decisions.

Part of the problem was that for second-wave feminists, there was not yet the concept of 鈥渇eminisms鈥, the reality that women pursue many kinds of struggles for equality, depending on historical context and culture. Moreover, there was no effort to go beyond gender to look at the way that groups, too, are othered, marginalised in order to leave space at the centre for white women who set the standard.

鈥淣ot so much intersectionality of identities鈥, , 鈥渂ut the intersectionality of struggles鈥 is what she considers important ().

鈥淥ne can鈥檛 really be a true revolutionary,鈥 Davis charges, without understanding the need to join up with worldwide forces battling against imperialism (If They Come in the Morning鈥oices of Resistance).

Davis understood what RBG did not, that feminism extends beyond the concerns of middle-class women to include the concerns of groups as well as individuals. Moreover, 鈥淧rogressive except Palestine鈥 (PEP) was a position that Davis rejected after travelling to Palestine in 2011 (Freedom is a Constant Struggle). This was a position beyond RBG鈥檚 understanding.

鈥淚 just can鈥檛 jump on this wagon,鈥 the Palestinian author Susan Abulhawa. 鈥淚t鈥檚 okay to appreciate all she [RBG] has done for women and LGBTQ communities,鈥 she continued, but 鈥渋t鈥檚 important not to whitewash the harm she has done, too.鈥 Here Abulhawa is referring to RBG鈥檚 of a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018 at a ceremony held in Tel Aviv鈥檚 Yitzhak Rabin Center. Upon accepting the award, she said: 鈥淭he demand for justice, for peace, for enlightenment, runs through the entirety of Jewish history and tradition,鈥 thus glossing over the occupation.

In turn, she part of the money to a network of bilingual Hebrew and Arabic schools in Israel operated by Hand in Hand, an institution that practices what Haidar Eid terms 鈥渘ormalisation鈥 of the occupation. 鈥淣ormalising oppression has always been one of the tools used by the coloniser against the resistance of the oppressed and colonised,鈥 Eid maintains, and he defines it as 鈥渢he participation in any project, initiative or activity, in Palestine or internationally, that aims (implicitly or explicitly) to bring together Palestinians (and/or Arabs) and Israelis (people or institutions) without placing as its goal resistance to and exposure of the Israeli occupation and all forms of discrimination and oppression against the Palestinian people.鈥

A liberal Zionist, RBG chose to ignore the rights of Palestinian people. She also slighted Indigenous rights in [the US] in several cases. For example, there is the 2005 opinion that she wrote for . In this instance, the town had begun foreclosure proceedings after the tribe, exercising their sovereignty rights, refused to pay taxes to the city.

Writing for the 8鈥1 decision, she said: 鈥淕iven the longstanding non-Indian character of the area and its inhabitants, the regulatory authority constantly exercised by New York State and its counties and towns, and the Oneidas鈥 long delay in seeking judicial relief against parties other than the United States, we hold that the tribe cannot unilaterally revive its ancient sovereignty, in whole or in part, over the parcels at issue.鈥

In her decision, RBG was making use of the of Christian discovery and domination that allowed Columbus to claim various Indigenous lands. In doing so, Stephen Newcomb: 鈥淪he was citing to a racist and religiously bigoted doctrine that dominates our nations and dehumanises our peoples on the basis of the Bible and Christianity.鈥

Moreover, continues Newcomb, there is a connection between the 鈥淥ld Testament Chosen People 鈥 Promised Land Narrative,鈥 and thus Ginsburg鈥檚 choice of a racist doctrine was no coincidence. Used in both Israel and the United States to justify the appropriation of indigenous land, this reasoning excuses land theft based on an outdated colonial doctrine.

In the of historian Michael Leroy Oberg, RBG has written some 鈥渉elpful and valuable decisions鈥, but in the area of Indigenous land claims, the Supreme Court itself is not a 鈥減romising arena鈥. In this case, he continues, the Justice seemed to be saying that history is determined by the victors, and so for Native people her decision meant 鈥測ou are out of luck鈥.

More recently, she in a 7鈥2 margin to allow the Atlantic Coast Pipeline to pass underneath Indigenous Appalachian territory, a decision that could result in cultural and ecological genocide. The pipeline will intersect the ancestral land of the Lumbee Tribe, who are closely connected to the land.

鈥淭he land isn鈥檛 just what you plant on. It鈥檚 where the trees are located. It鈥檚 where the water is filtered through the land and then goes into the river,鈥 community activist Donna Chavis . 鈥淪o you鈥檙e looking at every aspect of our historical, cultural ways being threatened by the pipeline. And the pipe, when it goes in, it鈥檚 forever.鈥

In a 2005 , the late historian Howard Zinn explained: 鈥淚t would be naive to depend on the Supreme Court to defend the rights of poor people, women, people of colour, dissenters of all kinds.

鈥淭hose rights only come alive when citizens organise, protest, demonstrate, strike, boycott, rebel, and violate the law in order to uphold justice.鈥

Zinn does not suggest that we should 鈥渋gnore the courts or the electoral campaigns. It can be useful to get one person rather than another on the Supreme Court, or in the Presidency, or in Congress. The courts 鈥 win or lose 鈥 can be used to dramatise issues.鈥

No Supreme Court will demand justice, he includes, but rather 鈥渇undamental change鈥 depends on the 鈥渁ctions of an aroused citizenry鈥 demanding the fulfilment of human rights. In a world in which our rights are connected to those of others on an international stage, it is also important to heed the words of Davis, who worked to place Palestine at the centre of social movements. Where Zinn promoted the power of grassroots movements, Davis connected the dots to include Palestine in those crusades.

In RBG鈥檚 decisions, there are clear connections to her views on settler-colonial states, both here and in Occupied Palestine. In her acceptance of the aforementioned award, and in her decisions on Indigenous sovereignty, she recalled the Doctrine of Discovery to reward what she considered the winner of the spoils.

No matter who is elected, who takes her place on the Court, it would be wise to remember the words of Zinn: 鈥淭he courts have never been on the side of justice, only moving a few degrees one way or the other, unless pushed by the people. Those words engraved in the marble of the Supreme Court, 鈥楨qual Justice Before the Law,鈥 have always been a sham.鈥

[Reprinted from .]

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