Federal elections were held in Canada on May 2 after the conservative government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper lost a motion of no-confidence in parliament. In the elections, Harper's government was returned -- winning enough extra seats to move from being minority government to a majority one.
The Liberal Party, the main opposition party headed by Michael Ignatieff was trounced, dropping from 77 seats to just 34 and coming third. Ignatieff lost his seat. The social democratic New Democratic Party came second, with a dramatic rise in seats from 36 to 103. This was the NDP's best ever result and the Liberals worst.
Below, Derrick O'Keefe discusses the failure of Ignatieff and the Liberals.
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After decades abroad as a TV host, academic and public intellectual in Britain and the United States, Michael Ignatieff鈥檚 Canadian political homecoming has ended in disaster.
On the day the US invasion of Iraq started in March 2003, Ignatieff was having drinks with Kanan Makiya, a fellow academic at Harvard, at Casablanca restaurant in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Makiya was the Iraqi exile who reportedly told Dick Cheney that the US would be greeted in Iraq with 鈥渟weets and flowers鈥.
Years later, when Ignatieff finally admitted his error on Iraq, he conceded he had put too much faith in his Harvard friend鈥檚 predictions.
Exiles, from afar, sometimes mistake their fantasies of triumphant return for reality.
In January 2005, three insiders from Canada鈥檚 Liberal Party came calling on Ignatieff at Harvard. Writing in the January/February 2010 edition of The Walrus, Ron Graham described the meeting.
The kingmakers from Ottawa outlined a scenario whereby Ignatieff would return to Canada after three decades abroad, win the party leadership and in short order become prime minister of Canada.
The Liberals were the country鈥檚 鈥渘atural governing party鈥, after all. It鈥檚 not known whether there was mention of sweets and flowers.
Ignatieff accepted the invitation.
In the end, however, his visions of conquest proved almost as delusional in Canada as they did in Iraq.
In the May 2 federal election, Ignatieff鈥檚 homecoming and political career came to an ignominious end. His Liberal Party had their worst results ever, reduced to little more than a rump third party, with 34 seats and a mere 18.9% of the vote.
The social democratic NDP led by Jack Layton replaced the Liberals as the official opposition, with over 30% of the vote. Ignatieff even lost his own seat in what was once considered a "safe" Liberal riding in suburban Toronto.
This was the culmination of a decade-long implosion of historic proportions for what was the most successful political franchise of the 20th Century 鈥 having held power for more of those 100 years than any other party in the western democracies.
The Liberal juggernaut began to stall early in this century, as Paul Martin fought a vicious battle with supporters of then Liberal Prime Minister Jean Chr茅tien to speed up his long awaited succession.
Martin, the Gordon Brown of Canadian politics, finally took over from Chr茅tien, but the internecine battles had taken their toll and he lost power in short order.
In 2006, Ignatieff鈥檚 first leadership bid was upset by St茅phane Dion. Ignatieff鈥檚 prominent role in advocating for the war in Iraq and justifying Bush鈥檚 rollback of civil liberties in the "war on terror" was fresh in people鈥檚 memories, and this played a role in his loss.
Though defeated, Ignatieff never really dismantled his campaign team, and undermined Dion on key issues like Afghanistan and climate change.
Despite a pseudo mea culpa on Iraq -- written in the New York Times, naturally -- Ignatieff kept up a hawkish stance on Afghanistan, helping along Harper鈥檚 militaristic inclinations.
In early 2008, to take just one instance, Harper signaled his resolve to once again extend the unpopular war in Afghanistan.
Dion briefly made noises about bringing down the government over the issue, but he was quickly disabused of this notion because of the pro-war positions of Ignatieff and Liberal MP Bob Rae.
After Dion鈥檚 2008 resignation, Ignatieff wrested the leadership of the Liberals without a vote by the membership. The deal was cut in the backrooms after Harper had, through misinformation and scaremongering, won the war of ideas against a proposed opposition coalition government.
The agreement would have seen Dion installed as prime minister in coalition with the NDP and supported on key issues by the Bloc Quebecois, a part of Quebec nationalists.
Harper unleashed a huge campaign, denouncing the Liberals鈥 deal with 鈥渟ocialists and separatists鈥.
He asked and received a rare prorogation (suspension) of parliament, essentially in order to buy time, and in the interim the Liberals ditched Dion in favour of Ignatieff.
When Ignatieff took over from Dion, it was to much relief from Bay Street Liberals. Hopes were high in the Toronto Liberal establishment. (Ignatieff鈥檚 coronation was rubber stamped in an uncontested vote by delegates at the May 2009 Liberal convention in Vancouver).
He spent much of the first two years of his Liberal leadership positioning the party on the centre-right of a number of key issues.
In fall 2010, as leader, Ignatieff again propped up Harper鈥檚 extension of Canada鈥檚 mission in Afghanistan beyond 2011. Around the same time, Ignatieff absented himself in order to kill a private member鈥檚 bill from his own party that would have given refuge to Iraq war resisters from the United States.
Ignatieff was careful to match Harper statement for statement in support of Israeli occupation and the siege of Gaza, turning away from his own writing that had once compared the occupied West Bank to apartheid South Africa.
Ignatieff ditched Dion鈥檚 talk of a carbon tax and other measures to tackle global warming in favour of boosterism for Canada鈥檚 tar sands, the biggest oil reserves on the planet.
He belittled National Geographic after a critical article on the tar sands, and talked about Canada鈥檚 鈥渆conomic destiny鈥 being played out in the west.
This pandering reaped no fruit -- the Liberals never gained a seat in Alberta and have been reduced to four seats in all of western Canada.
In an April 23 article on TheStar.com, Columnist Chantal H茅bert identified the Afghanistan decision as the moment that perennially anti-war Quebec voters 鈥渓ost interest in the Liberals鈥.
The "Orange Wave" of the NDP then swept away both the Bloc Quebecois and any hope of a Liberal resurgence in that crucial province.
Having moved to solidify the support of business and foreign policy hawks, Ignatieff then tacked to the left at the start of this spring鈥檚 election campaign, criticizing Harper鈥檚 wildly expensive no-bid purchase of F-35 fighter jets, and outlining a number of modest reforms that echoed many of the points in the NDP platform.
The result was that almost no one in Canada bought it, opting either for NDP leader Jack Layton鈥檚 warmed over social democracy -- far more convincing and delivered with a gentler face -- or Harper鈥檚 Conservatives.
In the wreckage of his failed Canadian intervention, Ignatieff left a majority government for the Bush-like Harper.
There were some who saw this disaster coming years ago. Dion鈥檚 wife, Janine Krieber, made the most accurate of predictions, lambasting Ignatieff in a scathing note posted in 2009 on her Facebook page, a November 21, 2009 article on TheStar.com said.
Fuelled no doubt by personal animosity, it has nevertheless proven prophetic.
鈥淭he Liberal party is in a free fall, and it won't recover. Like all the liberal parties in Europe, it will become a poor little thing at the mercy of ephemeral coalitions. For having refused the historic coalition that could have placed it at the head of the left, it will be punished by history鈥
鈥淒o we really have the right leader to discuss [Afghanistan, torture]? Can someone really write all these insanities and make us believe he's simply changed his mind?
"To justify violence, he must have really given it serious thought. Otherwise, that's very dangerous. What guarantee would there be that he wouldn't change his mind again?
"The party base understood all of this and Canadian citizens are in the process of understanding. Ignatieff's supporters didn't do their homework. They didn't read his books, didn't consult his colleagues. They contented themselves with his ability to navigate the cocktail circuit.
"Some of them are enraged now. I hear: 'Why didn't anyone say anything?' We told you loud and clear. You didn't listen.鈥
Having myself taken the time to read Ignatieff鈥檚 books and numerous long essays and papers, I can say that Krieber was right.
It鈥檚 not so much that he spent more than 30 years abroad; it鈥檚 that during that time he scarcely wrote anything of significance in reference to Canada.
In the introduction to his book The Rights Revolution, he concedes he was a 鈥淢artian outsider鈥 to the country鈥檚 political debates.
As a teenager at Upper Canada College, the boarding school of choice for the Canadian establishment, Michael Ignatieff used to tell friends that he would be prime minister one day. In the end, he could not make that youthful boast a reality.
But his name will be forever etched in Canadian history as the man who led his party to new lows.
How the Liberals must now rue the day they came calling on Bush鈥檚 war advocate at Harvard.
[Derrick O鈥橩eefe is the author of Michael Ignatieff: The Lesser Evil? forthcoming from Verso. He is the co-writer, with Malalai Joya, of A Woman Among Warlords (Scribner).]